Harry Moser has been an advocate for U.S. manufacturing for as long as he can remember. His father ran the Singer sewing machine factory in Elizabeth, N.J. "That's why I went into manufacturing," Moser is quick to point out. And throughout his nearly 25 years as an executive at Lincolnshire, Ill.-based Agie Charmilles LLC, Moser has been visiting schools to encourage kids to pursue careers in skilled trades such as precision machining and tool-and-die making.

Now that Moser is easing into retirement as chairman emeritus at Agie Charmilles, which makes electrical discharge machines, high-speed milling machines and automation for precision toolmakers and component manufacturers, he has more time to focus on a manufacturing cause that's near and dear to his heart: "reshoring."

"Reshoring is bringing back work, parts or tools that will finally be used in North America," Moser explains. "In other words, we're not saying that you should make everything here and ship it to China to assemble. We're saying if you have an end component that is sold into the North American market or assembled into a product at a North American factory, or a tool that's used in North America, and you're now having that work done overseas, to evaluate the total cost of that subassembly or tool in the States versus overseas. We believe you will decide more should be sourced here."

On a macroeconomic level, reshoring bolsters the U.S. manufacturing and defense base, creates jobs and reduces the trade and budget deficits. But Moser also believes there's an increasingly strong business case for bringing outsourced manufacturing work back to domestic soil, which he summarizes as a lower "total cost of ownership."

Too often, Moser says, manufacturers decide to offshore manufacturing work because the freight-on-board costs are lower for work done overseas. However, if those companies factor in the costs of regulatory compliance, potential intellectual property loss, visits to overseas vendors, potential product quality problems, high foreign wage inflation and carrying extra inventory as cushion against late or damaged shipments, "now the gap is favorable or small enough that it makes sense to reshore that work."

"We're trying to change the whole paradigm of thought" regarding offshoring. -- Harry Moser, Agie Charmilles

Among the other harder-to-quantify benefits of reshoring, Moser explains, are the advantages of siting manufacturing operations closer to R&D activities and the reduced carbon footprint of shorter shipping distances.

"The companies that are heavily focused on being green can make a pretty good case that the total carbon footprint of a part made 100 miles away in the U.S. is maybe a half or a third of what it would be if it was made in China and then shipped over here," Moser asserts.

It's hard for American manufacturing operations to compete with the price of commodity Chinese-made T-shirts, toys and similar high-labor/low-cost items. Typically, reshoring is more attractive for the production of new high-mix/low-volume parts and components that are sold or used in the North American market, require frequent engineering changes, have short lifecycles, are produced with low labor content or involve high shipping costs versus labor costs, according to Moser.

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