SEOUL -- North Korea said Monday it was withdrawing all workers and suspending operations at a lucrative joint industrial zone with South Korea, blaming foreign "warmongers" at a time of acute tensions.
The announcement came amid reports of heightened activity at the North's nuclear test site, and at a missile battery, although the South Korean government denied suggestions that a fourth nuclear test was imminent.
North Korea "will withdraw all its employees" from the Kaesong industrial zone, Kim Yang-Gon, a senior ruling party official, said in a statement carried by the North's official Korean Central News Agency.
Pyongyang will also "temporarily suspend the operations in the zone and examine the issue of whether it will allow its existence or close it," Kim said of Kaesong, which sits 10 kilometers (six miles) inside North Korea.
Kaesong was built in 2004 as a rare symbol of cross-border economic cooperation. It is a crucial hard currency source for the impoverished North, through taxes and revenues, and from its cut of the 53,000 workers' wages.
Turnover in 2012 was reported at $469.5 million, with accumulated turnover since 2004 standing at $1.98 billion.
But Pyongyang has blocked South Korean access to Kaesong since Wednesday, forcing 13 of the 123 South Korean firms operating to halt production.
South Korea's unification ministry said the unilateral withdrawal "cannot be justified in any way, and North Korea will be held responsible for all the consequences."
"The [South] Korean government will calmly but firmly handle North Korea's indiscreet action, and we will do our best to secure the safety of our people and the protection of our property," a ministry spokesman said.
More than 300 South Koreans have left Kaesong and returned to the South since North Korea banned access last week. The unification ministry said 475 South citizens were still staying at the complex as of Monday.
"How the situation will develop in the days ahead will entirely depend on the attitude of the South Korean authorities," said Kim, who blamed the pull-out on "military warmongers" who had affronted the North's "dignity."
The Korean peninsula has been locked in a cycle of escalating military tensions since the North's third nuclear test in February, which drew toughened United Nations sanctions.
The South's defense ministry said Monday that activity detected at the North's Punggye-ri atomic test site was "routine" and should not be interpreted as final preparation for another detonation.
"There is no indication that a nuclear test is imminent," ministry spokesman Kim Min-Seok said, while adding that the North consistently maintained Punggye-ri at a state of test-readiness.
The South's unification minister had appeared to confirm a report by the JoongAng Ilbo daily, which cited intelligence reports of stepped-up activity at the site. But he then insisted his remarks had been misinterpreted.
The U.N.'s atomic watchdog chief -- Yukiya Amano, director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency -- on Monday called North Korea's drive to restart a nuclear site at Yongbyon "troubling" and said his team could not detect whether the regime planned a new nuclear test due to a lack of access.
North Korea's bellicose rhetoric has reached fever pitch in recent weeks, with near-daily threats of attacks on U.S. military bases and South Korea in response to ongoing South Korea-U.S. military exercises.
Intelligence reports suggest Pyongyang has readied two midrange missiles on mobile launchers on its east coast, and plans a test-firing before the April 15 birthday of late founding leader Kim Il-Sung.
A missile launch would be highly provocative, especially given the strong rebuke the North's sole ally China delivered on Sunday.
"No one should be allowed to throw a region, even the whole world, into chaos for selfish gains," President Xi Jinping told a high-powered business forum in southern China.
The United States, which has met the North's threats with some military muscle-flexing of its own, offered a calibrated concession Saturday by delaying a planned inter-continental ballistic missile test.
Russian President Vladimir Putin on Monday welcomed the decision to postpone the Minuteman 3 test, which the U.S. had said it feared could be misconstrued as an attempt to exacerbate the air of crisis.
In turn, the White House on Monday praised efforts by Russia and China to ease the crisis with North Korea, after pushing both nations to use their influence to change the isolated state's behavior.
"We welcome efforts by Beijing and Moscow to encourage Pyongyang to refrain from provocative rhetoric and threats," said White House spokesman Jay Carney.
"We will continue to work with our Chinese, Russian and other partners to get North Korea to abide by its international obligations," Carney said.
Copyright Agence France-Presse, 2013