A matter-of-fact company statement hinted at boardroom battles. The firm needs a manager committed to "focusing on execution with a close and confident cooperation with the board," Sanofi said.
The firm appointed chairman Serge Weinberg as a temporary replacement.
Weinberg told reporters the decision to sack Viehbacher was taken "unanimously" due to the chief executive's "management style," denying however that it was a personal issue.
He cited as an example of poor management-board relations the case of a project last year to sell old Sanofi drugs that the board found out about only through the media.
The slide in stock pushed Sanofi's market capitalization below that of Total (IW 1000/9), which also lost its chief executive earlier this month when Christophe de Margerie died in a plane crash in Moscow.
The chairman of BNP Paribas stepped down last month and the heads of energy giants EDF and Areva have all recently left, marking a major shake-up of the French corporate landscape.
Copyright Agence France-Presse, 2014