Hoping to address the major drawback to owning an electric car -- the battery life-- GE (IW 500/5) researchers, in partnership with Ford Motor Co. (IW 500/6) and the University of Michigan, will develop a smart, miniaturized sensing system .
"The car battery remains the greatest barrier and most promising opportunity to bringing EVs mainstream," said Aaron Knobloch, principal investigator and mechanical engineer at GE Global Research.
"Improvements in the range, cost and life of the battery will all be needed for EVs to be competitive," he added. "With better sensors and new battery analytics, we think we can make substantial progress at increasing battery life. This, in turn, could help bring down its overall cost and the cost entitlement of buying an electric car."
The goal of this 3-year, $3.1 million program is to demonstrate a working sensing system in an actual electric vehicle.
The objective of the ARPA-E project will be to develop small, cost effective sensors with new measurement capabilities. Due to their small size, these sensors will be placed in areas of the battery where existing sensor technologies cannot be currently located. The combination of small size and ability to measure new quantities will enable a much better understanding of battery performance and life.
GE’s role will be to combine a novel ultrathin battery sensor system with sophisticated modeling of cell behavior to control and optimize battery management systems. Today’s sensors on EVs and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs) measure the health of the battery by looking at factors such as its temperature, voltage, and current. However, these measurements provide a limited understanding of a battery’s operation and health.
A group of scientists from the University of Michigan, led by Anna Stefanopoulou, a professor of mechanical engineering, will use the data generated by GE sensors to verify advanced battery models. They will ultimately create schemes that use instantaneous sensor data to predict future battery-cell and battery-pack behavior.
"Ensuring a battery’s health over many cycles requires taking frequent snapshots of its condition as it ages," said Charles Monroe, a chemical engineering professor on the University of Michigan team. "Control systems on cars have to be able to use this vast amount of data quickly and efficiently. Information provided by advanced sensors will allow us to create and verify finely resolved physical models to underpin battery management schemes."
"The big challenge is to make battery management programs adapt and work fast."
The use of sensors in conjunction with real-time models will enable novel algorithms that optimize how the battery system is managed to extend its life. To demonstrate the capabilities of the sensor system and analytics, Ford will integrate them into one of their vehicles for validation.
"This collaboration brings together a diverse set of experts on sensor technology, controls and modeling, and automotive engineering to innovate on some of the most critical elements of battery technology," said Tony Philips, senior technical leader, Vehicle Controls, Research and Engineering, Ford Motor Co.
