The sector is also central to technological innovation, as two-thirds of U.S. civilian research and development and new patents derive from the manufacturing sector.
The first half figures for 2010 and 2011 also offer interesting comparisons for exports. U.S. manufactured exports increased by 21% in the first six months of 2010 to $495 billion, and by 13% in 2011 to $558 billion.
Chinese exports rose at a much faster pace, by 35% in 2010 to $668 billion, and by 24% in the first half of 2011 to $826 billion.
An emerging concern for U.S. manufacturers is the changing face of Chinese exports. "It is generally known that China has overtaken the United States as the world's top exporter," Preeg said. "In 2000, U.S. global exports of manufactures were three times larger than Chinese exports, while by 2010 Chinese exports were 50 % higher, and on track to double U.S. exports by 2013.
"What is less understood is the dramatic restructuring of Chinese manufactured exports away from labor-intensive to investment-intensive high-tech industries," he added. "This new orientation of exports is less driven by wage rates, especially for low-skilled workers, and is far more dependent on investment with advanced technology content."